Some of the most organized of these groups were active in South East Asia, most notably in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. Three emerging trends in the region remained cause for concern in 2020: (a) the growing Chinese–United States rivalry combined with an increasingly assertive Chinese foreign policy (b) the growing violence related to identity politics, based on ethnic or religious polarization (or both) and (c) the increase in transnational violent jihadist groups. Total conflict-related fatalities in Asia and Oceania fell by nearly 50 per cent in 2020 compared with 2019. The other four in South East Asia-Indonesia, Myanmar, the Philippines and Thailand-were all low-intensity, subnational armed conflicts. There were three in South Asia: Afghanistan (major internationalized civil war), India (high-intensity, interstate border and subnational armed conflicts) and Pakistan (low-intensity, interstate border and subnational armed conflicts). Seven countries in Asia and Oceania experienced active armed conflicts in 2020 -the same number as in 2019.
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